The effects of socioeconomic status and short stature on overweight, obesity and the risk of metabolic complications in adults
Abstract
Objective: to observe the relationship between socioeconomic status, height and nutritional problems related to obesity, overweight and risk of metabolic complications in men and women of Medellin (Colombia).
Methods: cross-sectional study with a sample of 5,556 adults between 18 and 69 years of age. We assessed weight, height and waist circumference. Socioeconomic variables were evaluated by family income, socioeconomic stratum and academic level achieved.
Results: we found that in men and women the height reached in adulthood is associated with socioeconomic conditions as measured by the socioeconomic strata and family income. In women, height, age, and socioeconomic strata are associated with obesity, overweight and risk of obesity, and risk of metabolic complications.
Conclusion: These results are not only from individual unhealthy habits, such as eating patterns based on high density foods combined with low energy expenditure, but also from the cumulative effect of food deprivation throughout life. Therefore, policies intended to prevent them should take a preventive approach that begins before birth and continues during childhood and adulthood.
Authors
Downloads
Keywords
- Social inequality
- nutritional status
- Obesity
- overweight
- Heath inequalities
- Social Class.
References
WHO. WHO Media Centre Fact sheet Nº 311; 2011 March [cited 2011; about 3 screens] Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html.
Lakka H, Lakka TA, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of acute coronary events in men. Eur Heart J. 2002; 23(9): 706-13.
WHO. WHO Regional office for Europe; 2012 [cited 2012; about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/what.
Ministerio de la Protección Social, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Instituto Colombiano de bienestar familiar. Encuesta Nacional de la situación Nutricional en Colombia (ENSIN) 2010. [National Survey of Nutritional situation in Colombia (ENSIN) 2010] 1st Ed. Bogotá (Colombia): Da Vinci Editores & CIA. S N C. 2011.
Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Conde WL, Popkin BM. Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review. Bull World Health Organ. 2004; 82(12): 2004-82.
McLaren L. Socioeconomic Status and Obesity. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2007; 29(1): 29-48.
Sichieri R, Silva CVC, Moura AS. Combined effect of short stature and socioeconomic status on body mass index and weight gain during reproductive age in Brazilian women. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003; 36(10): 1319-25.
Gunnell D, Whitley E, Upton MN, McConnachie A, Davey S, Watt G. Associations of height, leg length, and lung function with cardiovascular risk factors in the Midspan Family Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2003; 57(2): 141-6.
Bosy A, Plachta S, Dorhofer RP, Muller MJ. Short stature and obesity: positive association in adults but inverse association in children and adolescents. Brit J Nutr. 2009; 102(3): 453-3.
Kuzawa C. Modeling fetal adaptation to nutrient restriction: Testing the fetal origins hypothesis with a supply-demand model. J Nutr. 2004; 134(1): 194-200.
Kain J, Uauy R, Lera L, Taibo M, Albala C. Trends in height and BMI of 6-year-old children during the nutrition transition in Chile. Obes Res. 2005; 13(12): 2178-86.
Alvarez LS, Mancilla LP, Gonzalez LI, Arboleda ML, Isaza UA. Perfil Alimentario y Nutricional de Medellín 2010 Libro Digital [Profile Food and Nutrition in Medellin Digital Book 2010] [CD-ROM. Medellín (Colombia) Alcaldía de Medellín, Universidad de Antioquia; 2010. 1 CD-ROM: Sound;4(3).
Alonso H, Mancero X. Escalas de equivalencia en los países de América Latina [Equivalence scales in the countries of Latin America] [Internet. Santiago de Chile: Cepal, Naciones Unidas; 2011. Available from: http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/4/43554/LCL3325e.pdf.
WHO. Estandarización de métodos epidemiológicos sobre el terreno. En: Medición del cambio en el estado nutricional. Anexo 1. Ginebra: OMS. 1983.
WHO. Obesity, Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of the WHO Consultation of Obesity. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2000. 2000;894:1-253.
Florêncio TT, Ferreira HS, Cavalcante JC, Sawaya AL. Short stature, obesity and arterial hypertension in a very low income population in North-eastern Brazil. Nutrition, Metabol Cardiovasc Dis. 2004; 14(1): 26-33.
López-Alvarenga JC, Montesinos-Cabrera RA, Velázquez-Alva C, González-Barranco J. Short stature is related to high body fat composition despite body mass index in a Mexican population. Arch Med Res. 2003; 34(2): 137-40.
Sanchez C, Velazquez O, Berber A, Lara A, Tapia R, James WP. Anthropometric cut off points for predicting chronic diseases in the Mexican National Health Survey 2000. Obes Res. 2000; 11(3): 442-51.
Vazquez JL, Gómez H, Gomez F, Lara-Rodriguez M, Navarrete J, Perez G. Obesity and overweight in IMSS female workers in Mexico City. Sal Publ Mexico. 2005; 47(4): 268-75.
Boissonnet C, Schargrodsky H, Pellegrini F, Macchia A, Marcet-Champagne B, Wilson E, et al. Educational inequalities in obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in seven Latin American cities: the CARMELA Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011; 18(4): 550-6.
Ibrahim S, Samy MA, Saleh AOL, Ahmed GS, Matter MK. Obesity among Egyptian adults with short stature. J Taibah Univer Med Scien. 2010; 5(2): 98-104.
Popkin MB. The nutrition transition and obesity in the developing world. J Nutr. 2001; 131: 871-3S
González-Zapata LI, Estrada-Restrepo A, Álvarez-Castaño LS, Álvarez-Dardet C, Serra-Majem L. Exceso de peso, aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales en el mundo: un análisis ecológico. Cad. Saúde Públ. 2011; 27(9): 1746-56.
Krieger N. Epidemiology and the People´s health: theory and context. New York: Oxford University Press Inc; 2011. p. 202-35.
Krieger N. Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. Int J Epidemiol. 2001; 30(4): 668-77.
The copy rights of the articles published in Colombia Médica belong to the Universidad del Valle. The contents of the articles that appear in the Journal are exclusively the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Editorial Committee of the Journal. It is allowed to reproduce the material published in Colombia Médica without prior authorization for non-commercial use
