Genetic markers for preeclampsia in Peruvian women
Abstract
Background:Preeclampsia is a multiorgan disorder associated with maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality. In Peru, incidence is 10% and accounts for 22% of maternal deaths. Genome and genetic epidemiological studies have found an association between preeclampsia and genetic polymorphisms.
Objective:To determine the association of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +936 C/T and +405 G/C, interleukine-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C, IL-1β-511 C/T, Apo A-1-75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal) polymorphisms with preeclampsia in pregnant Peruvian women.
Methods:Were included preeclamptic and healthy (control) pregnant women. Maternal blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, and molecular genetic analysis was conducted using the PCR-RFLP technique and following a specific protocol for each gene. Allele and genotypic frequencies in the cases and controls were compared.
Results:No association was found between the VEGF+936C/T and VEGF+405 polymorphisms and preeclampsia. The frequencies of the GG genotypes and the G allele of the -174 G/C polymorphism in the IL6 gene in preeclamptic and controls showed significant differences, with higher frequencies in cases. For the -511 C/T polymorphism of the IL-1β gene, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of TT genotypes compared with CT+CC. The genotypes and alleles of the Apo-A1-75 G/A and Apo-B100 Xbal variants showed no significant differences between cases and controls.
Conclusion:No association was found between the studied genetic markers and preeclampsia. However, in the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, significant differences were found mainly in the GG genotype and G allele.
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Keywords
- FLT1 protein, human
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
- Interleukin-6
- Trophoblasts
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Pre-Eclampsia
- Maternal Death
- Leptin
- Pregnant Women
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Endothelin-1
- Placenta Growth Factor
Author Biographies
, Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
MD, Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology, PhD, MSc in Obstetrics and Gynecology from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and Mayo Clinic. He is an Expert Extraordinary Professor of the Faculty of Medicine, and Coordinator of the Maternal and Perinatal Medicine and Molecular Genetics Research Group, UNMSM. RENACYT Investigator, he has been President of the Peruvian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Peruvian Society of Fertility, He has been recognized as Honorary Member of the Peruvian Academy of Surgery, the Peruvian Society of Endocrinology, the Ecuadorian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Societies, the Peruvian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. He is a Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists – ACOG-, FIGO, FLASOG, FLASEF. He has been distinguished by the Colegio Médico del Perú for his extraordinary work in the benefit of health and he has been awarded the Gold Medal of the Peruvian Social Security as the most distinguished gynecologist and obstetrician in Peru, and in merit for his professional career. He has been awarded the Hipolito Unanue Gold Medal in Surgery 2018 and has been distinguished in recognition of outstanding work for the benefit of women’s health by the Peruvian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
He is the main author of 8 books and co-author or author of book chapters of 9 books and has published 287 papers in scientific journals. He has been awarded the Instituto Hipolito Unanue Foundation’s first prize for the best textbook in medical sciences 2010 and has honorable mentions for books in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fetal and Newborn Medicine. He is Editor-in-Chief of The Peruvian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Director Emeritus of Anales de la Facultad de Medicina UNMSM. He currently serves on the Ethics and Disciplinary Committees of the Colegio Médico del Perú.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-6717
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-0251
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-1049
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-1015
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-771X
, University of Cincinnati: Cincinnati, OH, US
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-5809
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-5699
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-4626
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4807
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-2599
, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Faculty of Medicine. Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal-MEGEMAPE Research Group, Lima, Peru., Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Faculty of Medicine, Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal-MEGEMAPE Research Group, Lima, Peru
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-2639
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-1926
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
, Grupo de Investigación Medicina y Genética Molecular Materno Perinatal – MEGEMAPE, Lima, Perú
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-5903
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